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On March 11, 2026 local time, the Trump administration of the United States announced the launch of a new round of industrial overcapacity investigation based on the 301 clause against 16 trading partners including China, the European Union, India, and Vietnam. This move targets issues such as trade surpluses and capacity utilization in the manufacturing sector. It is expected that new tariffs may be imposed on some economies before the summer of this year. The global textile and apparel industry, including China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Bangladesh, is all on the investigation list. The industry is currently facing multiple challenges such as supply chain adjustments, rising costs, and pressure on exports. 

Among the trading partners included in this survey, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, and Bangladesh are all core economies for global textile and apparel exports, and they are also the main import sources of US textile and apparel products. Vietnam and Cambodia, leveraging their cost advantages, have become important production bases for international brands, with over 35% of related production capacity concentrated here. China, as a country with a relatively complete global textile industry chain, possesses core advantages from raw material production at the upstream to garment manufacturing at the downstream, and is a key supplier of US textile and apparel products. Previously, the tariffs imposed by the US on some Chinese clothing products have reached a certain level. If the new round of tariff increases takes effect, it will directly increase the export costs of textile enterprises in these countries to the US, squeeze their profit margins, and lead to a possible decline in export orders. 

Compared to China, textile-exporting countries in Southeast Asia such as Vietnam and Cambodia have been more directly affected by this investigation. The local textile industry in these countries is highly dependent on exports to the United States, and their industrial chain integration capabilities are relatively weak. Most of them mainly engage in garment processing and OEM production, with limited profit margins. Previously, the US tariff policies have already put pressure on the Southeast Asian textile industry in terms of order fluctuations and capacity adjustments. Data from the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association shows that the tariff disturbances in the US market have directly affected the normal operation of the local industrial chain. If this investigation triggers new tariffs, the price competitiveness of Southeast Asian textile enterprises in the US market will be greatly affected. Some small and medium-sized textile factories that rely on exports to the US may face operational pressure, and the employment and industrial development of the local textile industry will all be affected. 

This large-scale trade investigation by the United States has further exacerbated the uncertainty in the global textile supply chain. From the perspective of the United States itself, its domestic manufacturing capacity for textiles and clothing is weak, and products such as clothing and shoes have a high dependence on imports. However, the volatility of the tariff policy has made it difficult for American purchasers to formulate long-term purchasing plans, and the supply chain layout faces a dilemma of choice. At the same time, the investigation covers multiple Asian countries with textile production capacity, putting all low-cost producers under pressure. In the short term, whether exporters seek non-US alternative markets or US importers replace supply chain partners, it is difficult to be implemented quickly. The circulation efficiency of global textile trade will be affected to some extent. 

Overall, the tariff uncertainty caused by the new round of Section 301 investigations by the United States will become a significant variable in the global textile industry's development in 2026. Currently, global textile enterprises need to closely monitor the subsequent progress of the investigation and the implementation of tariff policies, flexibly adjust their supply chain layout and overseas market strategies, and prepare risk response plans in advance. 

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